What are the Types of Irrigation System?
Irrigation system – Irrigation is the process of artificially supplying water to plants and crops to help them grow and thrive. There are several types of irrigation systems available today, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will discuss the most common types of irrigation systems used in agriculture and landscaping.
This is the oldest and most common form of irrigation. Water is applied to the soil surface through channels or furrows, flooding the entire area. This method is simple and low-cost, but it can be inefficient as water can evaporate or run off before it is absorbed by the plants.
2) Sprinkler Irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation is a type of overhead irrigation system that simulates rainfall. Water is sprayed through sprinklers that are mounted on risers and moved by a pump. This system is ideal for larger areas and is highly effective at delivering water to the roots of plants, reducing evaporation losses.
3) Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that delivers water directly to the plant roots in small, controlled amounts. Water is released through emitters or drippers that are placed near the roots of each plant. This system is highly efficient and effective, as it reduces water wastage and can save up to 70% of water compared to traditional irrigation methods.
4) Subsurface Irrigation
Subsurface irrigation is a type of drip irrigation system that delivers water directly to the root zone of the plants below the soil surface. Water is delivered through perforated pipes or tubes that are buried underground. This system is highly efficient, as it reduces water wastage and eliminates the need for surface watering.
5) Center Pivot Irrigation
Center pivot irrigation is a type of sprinkler irrigation system that uses a rotating pivot to deliver water to crops. Water is sprayed from overhead sprinklers that are mounted on a circular frame, which rotates around a central pivot point. This system is ideal for large, flat fields and can be automated for greater efficiency.
6) Lateral Move Irrigation
Lateral move irrigation is a type of sprinkler irrigation system that uses a set of pipes that move laterally across the field to deliver water. Water is sprayed from overhead sprinklers that are mounted on a set of wheeled towers. This system is ideal for irregularly shaped fields and can be automated for greater efficiency.
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Conclusion
There are several types of irrigation systems available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of irrigation system will depend on factors such as the type of crops being grown, the size and shape of the field, and the availability of water. By choosing the right irrigation system, farmers and landscapers can ensure that their plants receive the right amount of water, leading to healthier and more productive crops.
